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PEX11 gene family has been shown to be involved in peroxisome biogenesis but very little is known about this gene family in rice. Here we show that five putative PEX11 genes (OsPEX11-1–5) present in rice genome and each contain three conserved motifs. The PEX11 sequences from rice and other species can be classified into three major groups. Among the five rice PEX11 genes, OsPEX11-2 and -3 are most...
Retrotransposons are abundant in higher plant genomes. Although retrotransposons associated with plant genes have been identified, little is known about their evolutionary conservation at the level of species and subspecies. In the present study, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon, long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) and short interspersed...
In Escherichia coli the rare codons AGG, AGA and CGA are reported to have a detrimental effect on protein synthesis, especially during the expression of heterologous proteins. In the present work, we have studied the impact of successive clusters of these rare codons on the accuracy of mRNA translation in E. coli. For this purpose, we have analyzed the expression of an mRNA which contains in its 3′...
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) belong to a family of growth factors with structural homology to proinsulin. Up till now, no specific details regarding the transcriptional regulation by autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effector molecules in vivo have been described for the IGF-II gene. This is in big contrast to IGF-I gene transcription which has been studied more extensively. To better understand...
The 26,300-nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule of the demosponge Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792), the largest in size yet found in Porifera, has been determined. We describe the second hadromerid sponge mitochondrial genome that contains the same set of 41 genes as the hadromerid sponge Tethya actinia, including trnMe(cau), trnI2(cau), trnR2(ucu), and atp9, all of which...
This study aims to analyze the diversity of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in 18 taxa of Hypochaeris, including two Old World species H. maculata (2n=2x=10) and H. angustifolia (2n=2x=8), and representatives of the South American species (16 accessions of 15 species; all 2n=2x=8). Analysis of 380 PCR-amplified sequences, corresponding to a conserved domain of the subset of Ty1-copia reverse transcriptase...
Cux (Cut homeobox) genes are present in all metazoans. Early reports described many phenotypes caused by cut mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. In vertebrates, CUX1 was originally characterized as the CCAAT-displacement protein (CDP). Another line of investigation revealed the presence of CUX1 within a multi-protein complex called the histone nuclear factor D (HiNF-D). Recent studies led to the...
The adenohypophysis of vertebrates receives peptide hormones from the hypothalamus and secretes hormones that regulate diverse physiologic processes in peripheral organs. The adenohypophysis-mediated endocrine system is widely conserved across vertebrates but not invertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the emergence of this system coincided with two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R-WGD)...
Evolution of the duplicated genes and regulation in gene expression is of great interest, especially in terms of adaptation. Molecular population genetic and evolutionary studies on the duplicated amylase genes of Drosophila species have suggested that their 5′-flanking (cis-regulatory) regions play an important role in evolution of these genes. For better understanding of evolution of the duplicated...
The sequence of a 6.0-kb fragment was compared in the 3′-encoding region of the genome in 27 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. All these strains have the same S-3-M-5-N gene order, as is the case for other IBVs. However, the sizes of the corresponding open reading frames (ORFs) of some genes varied among the virus strains. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignments demonstrated that recombination...
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